He made observations on vast numbers of penguins ("groups of many thousands each"), and other kinds of sea-birds. Ross sailed along the islands on 21 April 1840. The first scientific expedition to the islands was led by James Clark Ross, who visited in 1840 during his exploration of the Antarctic, but was unable to land. The islands were frequented by sealers until about 1810, when the local fur seal populations had been nearly eradicated. Another landing in late 1803 by a group of seal hunters led by American captain Henry Fanning of the Catharine found signs of earlier human occupation. The first recorded landing on the islands was in 1799 by a group of French seal hunters of the Sally. Cook named the islands after Prince Edward, the fourth son of King George III and though he is also often credited with naming the larger island Marion, after Captain Marion, this name was adopted by sealers and whalers who later hunted the area, to distinguish the two islands. Crozet shared the charts of his ill-fated expedition, and as Cook sailed from Cape Town, he passed the islands on 13 December, but was unable to attempt a landing due to bad weather. Julien Crozet, navigator and second in command of Le Mascarin, survived the disaster, and happened to meet James Cook at Cape Town in 1776, at the onset of Cook's third voyage. After failing to land, Le Mascarin continued eastward, discovering the Crozet Islands and landing at New Zealand, where Marion du Fresne and some of his crew were killed and eaten by Māori natives. Marion named the islands Terre de l'Espérance (Marion) and Ile de la Caverne (Prince Edward). In January 1772, the French frigate Le Mascarin, captained by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, visited the islands and spent five days trying to land, thinking they had found Antarctica (then not yet proven to exist). The islands were discovered on 4 March 1663 by Barent Barentszoon Lam of the Dutch East India Company ship Maerseveen and were named Dina (Prince Edward) and Maerseveen (Marion), but the islands were erroneously recorded to be at 41° South, and neither were found again by subsequent Dutch sailors. History Prince Edward, after whom the islands are named The only human inhabitants of the islands are the staff of a meteorological and biological research station run by the South African National Antarctic Programme on Marion Island. Further protection was granted when the area was declared a marine protected area in 2013. 57 of 2003, and activities on the islands are therefore restricted to research and conservation management. The islands in the group have been declared Special Nature Reserves under the South African Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. The Prince Edward Islands are two small uninhabited islands in the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean that are part of South Africa which are named Marion Island (named after Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, 1724–1772) and Prince Edward Island (named after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1767–1820). Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area
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